Congress Passes $1 Trillion Spending Measure

Congress on Friday morning overwhelmingly gave final approval to a sweeping, year-end fiscal package that includes a $1.15 trillion spending measure as well as $620 billion in tax breaks for businesses and low-income workers.

The bill now goes to the White House, where President Obama has said he will sign it.

After a period of belt-tightening in Washington — including automatic budget cuts imposed in 2013 — the spending measure for 2016 provides a notable $66 billion increase in federal outlays above previously agreed-upon limits, divided equally between military and nonmilitary programs. It also represents a return to a more traditional appropriations process, with lawmakers directing money to an array of their priorities, including a $1.4 billion increase for military construction projects and $2 billion increase for the National Institutes of Health.

In keeping with a bipartisan compromise, hashed out in an era of divided government and deep-rooted philosophical differences, all sides claimed victory.

The White House and Congressional Democrats said they had thwarted the Republicans’ main policy goals, including efforts to cut off government financing for Planned Parenthood and put restrictions on Syrian and Iraqi refugees, while securing a number of their own priorities, including tax benefits for working Americans and to promote renewable energy.

In concrete, and personal terms, however, the approval of the legislation capped several weeks of early successes for Speaker Paul D. Ryan, Republican of Wisconsin, who mustered a majority of Republicans in favor of the compromise spending measure.

In the House, which approved the tax breaks on Thursday, the vote Friday morning on the spending measure was 316 to 113, with 150 Republicans and 166 Democrats supporting the bill.

The Senate followed with uncharacteristic alacrity. In expedited floor action, on the edge of the holiday recess, the Senate voted to end debate on the overall legislation, dispensed with several procedural steps, and approved the package. The vote was 65 to 33.

Mr. Ryan, while criticizing the last-minute catchall nature of the legislation, hailed its passage as a triumph for conservative ideals and for the country.

“This bipartisan compromise secures meaningful wins for Republicans and the American people, such as the repeal of the outdated, anti-growth ban on oil exports,” he said in a statement. “The legislation strengthens our military and protects Americans from terrorist threats, while limiting the overreach of intrusive government bureaucracies.”

Still, some Democrats warned that the tax package would have long-term consequences.

“This bill is even referred to as a Christmas tree bill because special interests get special presents, all in ornaments on this tree,” Representative Lloyd Doggett, Democrat of Texas, said in a speech on the House floor on Thursday.

Representative Tom Cole, Republican of Oklahoma and a member of the Appropriations Committee, managed much of the floor debate for Republicans and said that all lawmakers could find items to support or oppose in such a huge spending and tax-break package.

“There is much to be proud of in this 2,000-page bill and accompanying explanatory statement,” Mr. Cole said, adding: “This omnibus spending measure is a compromise and a reflection of divided government but it also demonstrates a commitment by both sides toward restoring regular order in this House.”

In the Senate, leaders in each party expressed support for the deal.

“Here’s the bottom line in my view,” the Senate majority leader, Mitch McConnell, Republican of Kentucky said on Thursday. “This legislation is worth supporting.”

There was also sharp criticism over both process and substance. Senator Mike Lee, Republican of Utah, called it “an affront to the Constitution.”

“A small handful of leaders from the two parties got together behind closed doors to decide what the nation’s taxing and spending policies would be for the next year,” Mr. Lee said in a speech on the Senate floor on Thursday. “And then, after several weeks, the negotiators emerged — grand bargain in hand — confident that the people they deliberately excluded from the policy making process would now support all 2,242 pages of the legislative leviathan that they cooked up. This is not how a self-governing – or self-respecting – institution operates, and everyone here knows it.”

Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who is also seeking the Republican nomination for president, had threatened on Thursday to delay passage of the package.

… Mr. Rubio could have blocked but did not, much to the relief of his Senate colleagues eager to begin their holiday recess.

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